Bruxism
Bruxism is non-intentional habit which is characterised by grinding or gnashing of the teeth, and clenching of the jaw. It is classed as a parafunctional habit - which basically means a habit that differs from the regular use of that body part. It is one of the most common causes of sleep disorders and although in most people, bruxism is quite mild, for some, it is a major health issue.
Bruxism can occur during the day, but it is oftern when it occurs nocturnally that damage is usually done. It is not conclusive as to the causes of bruxism, but factors that have been known to contrubute to this condition include anxiety, indigestion and other assorted ailments. Only a small number of people are aware of their bruxism and the number who develop symptoms such as headaches and painful jaws is in the vicinity of 5%.
In more severe cases it can lead to abrasions, abnormal wear and even fractures in the teeth. This habit can often be loud enough to wake a sleeping partner, and can also contribute to collapse of teeth hollowed out by decay or dental drilling.
Symptoms that may point to bruxism include: aching jaw, earache, headache, depression or anxiety and stress and tension in the jaw. Excessive grindig of the teeth can actually affect the physical structure leaving them blunted and shorteded. Regular dental examinations will be helpful in diagnosing bruxism, as certain patterns in enamel erosion will be apparent. Probably the most reliable way to diagnose a severe case of bruxism is through EMG (electromyographic) measurements. These pick up electrical signals from the chewing muscles and is often employed in certain sleep labs.
Treatment of bruxism is often most effective when the cause of the sleep disorder or anxiety is addressed. There are mouth guards available - known as night guards which will reduce the damage sufferers inflict on their teeth. Bio feedback devices can also be worn which sense grinding in the jaw muscles and give feedback (usually very mild electtic shocks or very low volume sound) that doesn't wake the patient but interupts the unconcious grinding activity. Botox and Dietry supplements are also used quite commonly to treat bruxism. Cosmetic dental surgery may be neccessary for people who have extensive damage to their enamel.